Physical and Online Presence of My Valuer-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Suggest and clarify at any rate two systems how the organization could incorporate this advanced procedure with their physical world technique. Legitimize this system as per the ideal development and situating of your association and the objective client. Answer: Answer: My Valuer coordinates its physical nearness technique with its advanced methodologies in the accompanying manners: Creating suitable data: My Valuer builds up an exceptionally solid site which gives the guests data about the firm, the staff guests can contact to get their properties esteemed and about their corporate social duty towards the nearby network. These highlights makes positive watcher experience, gives the watchers that they can profit the administrations of My Valuer at spots of their comforts (each spot) and get trade offers like limits or free help, all of which contribute towards drawing in them to favor administrations of the firm to esteem their properties (myvaluer.net.nz, 2018). Sort out occasions: My Valuer sorts out occasions to raise reserve to help the nearby populace of Hawkes Bay which comprise of Europeans, Maoris and individuals of Asia-Pacific starting point. The firm holds occasions like shave for a fix to fund-raise for individuals experiencing maladies like leukemia and other convoluted blood issue. The official site of the traits the corporate social obligations with the computerized property while the occasions give them the physical nearness qualities (MacDonald, 2018). Examination of the two systems: The two techniques of improvement of proper data and sorting out occasions permit My Valuer to situate itself deliberately in the market of New Zealand to pull in suitable client portions. The occasions and physical outlets give the firm perceivability in the market. Its solid online nearness through its site and interpersonal interaction sites empowers the organization to speak with its objective clients. One can call attention to that the primary business activities of the organization comprise of valuation of advantages like land and offering clients warning administrations. Subsequently, it tends to be brought up that the objective client fragment of the organization comprise of high society and white collar class area of the general public. Along these lines, it very well may be summed up that fitting physical and computerized nearness of the organization empowers My Valuer to situate itself in the market to pull in upper and white collar class clients (myvaluer.net.nz, 2018) References: My Community. (2018).Myvaluer.net.nz. Recovered 8 April 2018, from https://www.myvaluer.net.nz/network/ MacDonald, K. I. (2018). Business, biodiversity and new fields of protection: the world preservation congress and the renegotiation of authoritative request. InThe Anthropology of Conservation NGOs(pp. 71-119). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

An Analysis of The Other in All of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs Tar

An Analysis of The Other within each one of Us, As Evoked by E.R. Burroughs' Tarzan Human instinct is one of mindfulness. In view of that mindfulness, it is fundamental for us to characterize ourselves by taking a gander at our general surroundings and choosing what bunches we fall into, and what bunches we don't. Those gatherings we feel a piece of become a place of refuge, and those gatherings we feel isolated from are viewed as remote, outlandish, risky, or even subhuman. â€Å"The Other† must exist for people to characterize themselves separately. Our acknowledgment of our disparities according to others gives us our mankind and our distinction. Be that as it may, our interest in The Other despite everything remains. Edgar Rice Burroughs’ tale, Tarzan, is a talk on our interest with otherness: our responses to â€Å"the other,† and our craving to find how different sees us. Burroughs’ has organized the novel with the goal that perusers are constrained out of their customary jobs, taking on those of The Other. In this manner, perusers see things about themselves that were undetectable to their individual selves, however evident to outcasts. Burroughs abstains from utilizing this strategy to uncover any incredible realities about society, picking rather to engage and interest, however through engaging his perusers, he can't resist the opportunity to give them a vehicle for rediscovering themselves. In Tarzan, there are two fundamental sorts of â€Å"other,† two universes, compared. Tarzan and his wilderness comprise one world; Jane and â€Å"civilization† establish another. Circling these two principle universes, are a few moons, for example, the Mbonga town and the rebels. Tarzan may even be viewed as a moon, since there is nobody like him, and he has a place with no gathering however his own. Tarzan’s wilderness world would probably be unfamiliar to most rea... ...young lady, yet found another feeling of self and personality, as does the peruser. Burroughs has removed the perusers on an excursion from themselves and into a spot they would never go alone. He takes them outside of themselves, away from all that is protected and unsurprising, and allows them to be renewed as a â€Å"other.† And in redoing the peruser into a â€Å"other,† the peruser is normally allowed the chance to see society, and maybe even his own little corner of society, through new eyes. He cautions the peruser to recollect the sentiments evoked by Tarzan and to be consistent with his new self. It isn't just the spots or occasions depicted in Tarzan that make it so enduringly engaging; it is the opportunity to consider our to be lives as something novel, irregular, and huge. Works Cited: Burroughs, Edgar Rice. Tarzan: The Adventures of Lord Greystoke. Ballantine Books, 1972.

Columbia Magazine Leave Them Laughing COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Columbia Magazine Leave Them Laughing COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog They say a spoonful of sugar makes the medicine go down,” says comedian Negin Farsad ’02GSAS, ’04SIPA. “For me, the medicine is challenging stereotypes. And the sugar is a really sophisticated poop joke.” Farsad admits that scatological humor is the last thing that people expect from her â€" a relentlessly cheerful, Iranian-American, Muslim comedian with two master’s degrees. But she thinks that means she’s doing something right. “There’s always an assumption that I’m going to be clean or safe, because I’m an ethnic woman,” she says. “So there’s a particular moment in every show when people realize that I’m different. That’s what I’m after.” Farsad is what she likes to call a “social-justice comedian,” which means that she wants to start a larger conversation about social issues, but in a way that “doesn’t feel like an afterschool special.” This dialogue takes many forms: in addition to performing stand-up, she is a filmmaker, a TED fellow, and, most recently, the author of a memoir, How to Make White People Laugh. “If you’re trying to take on the dominant culture about how they treat outsiders, you have to speak to that culture directly,” Farsad says. “I’m not interested in preaching to the choir. I’m interested in changing minds.” Farsad is intimately familiar with being treated differently. Growing up, she felt like the only Muslim kid in Palm Springs, California (“one of the top five gay cities and one of the top five retirement communities â€" so it’s basically people listening to Lady Gaga while adjusting their catheters”). After studying theater at Cornell, she wanted to explore the sense of otherness that she experienced as an ethnic minority, so she enrolled at Columbia for a master’s in African-American studies. “I knew that the Black struggle wasn’t my struggle, but I wanted to fight it anyway. It felt Iranian-adjacent,” she says. “I’m not interested in preaching to the choir. I’m interested in changing minds.” But in the post-9/11 world, the rhetoric around Muslims in America was changing, dangerously. “I thought, how could people associate this kind of violence with a whole religion and an entire region â€" that’s just crazy. That’s like stereotyping 1.6 billion people. Who does that? Americans.” Farsad was particularly frustrated with the lack of Muslims in pop culture. The less visible Muslims were, she felt, the more feared and misunderstood they became. After leaving a public-policy job in 2008, she organized a group of fellow Muslim comics to tour the country. (Film from the tour became Farsad’s 2013 documentary The Muslims Are Coming!) Now, Farsad also hosts a podcast called Fake the Nation, a political roundtable with a rotating cast of comedians. And she stars in the new movie 3rd Street Blackout, a romantic comedy that takes place in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. “That one isn’t so political,” Farsad says. “Though when you’re Iranian, people seem to think everything is political.” Some of the reactions to Farsad’s work have been heartbreaking: “I’ve heard every racist, sexist, hate-filled slur you can imagine.” She’s also had pushback from some fellow Muslims, who have objected to her unorthodox methods. But she says that there are certainly enough positive reactions to keep propelling her forward. “I always think about the ex-Marine who had been stationed in Afghanistan,” she says. “He came in angry and left laughing.” [Photo by  Ryan Lash] This article originally appeared in Columbia Magazine.

Christopher Columbus The Consequences Of The Columbian...

On one fateful October morning, in the year 1492, the world as we knew it was changed for better or for worse. As the bow of a Spanish ship came into the sight line of a small Bahamian island, the Arawak people who inhabited this island moved closer to the shoreline, blissfully unaware of the consequences of this moment as they watched the upcoming ship with fascination. What happened next was to be highly controversial for years to come. Whether you think that the actions Christopher Columbus took were justified or not, you cant deny it paved the way for European settlement in the new world, which shaped world history as we know it. The story of this monumental event was told in two separate passages which both convey different moods and†¦show more content†¦Besides the general length and number of details provided in each piece, I believe this is one of the main differences between the two. The analytical more monotone recount of history with little to no blame or human pe rspective, to a more vivid account of how Columbus and the Spanish interacted with the Native American people. They both had their merits and they both told the story of Christopher Columbuss â€Å"discovery† of America. Though they both were historically accurate, the piece I found the most alluring was Zinn’s because of its depth and human perspective. I felt like Zinn gave a more vivid view of history to the reader; I could imagine the tragedies he was describing and the people he was talking about all because he chose a perspective from which to tell the story. Zinn cited so many primary sources, such as Columbus’s captains logs and Bartolome de las Casas’s written critiques, they were very insightful to read and explained everything in much greater detail than the textbook. Furthermore, I think Zinn’s version was more decisive and less wavering when it comes to Columbuss image. The message was clear: Columbus and other European explorers did h orrible things to the people who inhabited the Americas, although they shaped the modern world, we can not deny that. The text book never really got that profound, in general, I think the textbook seemed to focus more on how the Old World benefited and not the effect it had on the native peoples.Show MoreRelatedPositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus Discoveries1249 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Impact of Christopher Columbus’ Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuriesRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 Pages Positive Impact of Christopher Columbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuriesRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of The Columbian Exchange1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, human populations, diseases, cultures, and ideas throughout the world. The new worlds that had been discovered were a part of this Columbian Exchange, and were exposed to many new and foreign goods as well as people. The Americas, or New World, were faced with harsh treatment from Columbus and his crew, along with the rampant spread of new diseases that took a large toll on the Native populations. The Indies were alsoRead MoreChristopher Columbus : A Hero Or Hero?1445 Words   |  6 Pages Christopher Columbus was he a hero or was he a villain? As attitudes change throughout the years and new discoveries are being made, history is constantly being rewritten. In the recent years, there has been much controversy over the â€Å"achievements† of the great admiral Christopher Columbus. There have also been many books, articles, and historians that have described him as â€Å"one of the greatest mariners in history, a vis ionary genius, a national hero, a failed administrator, a naive entrepreneurRead MoreLegacy of Christopher Columbus2614 Words   |  11 PagesThe Legacy of Christopher Columbus Abstract After many centuries, a lot of controversy still surrounds Christopher Columbus. He remains to be a strange figure in history regarded as a famous explorer and a great mariner who made many discoveries in his days. Other people still regard him as a visionary and a national hero while others chose to remember him as a brutal and greedy person who used the rest of the humanity for his own selfish gains. Despite the fact that there have been protests inRead MoreThe Columbian Exchange Essay example1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe Columbian Exchange is the exchange of plants, animals, food, and diseases between Europe and the Americas. In 1492, when Christopher Columbus came to America, he saw plants and animals he had never seen before so he took them back with him to Europe. Columbus began the trade routes which had never been established between Europe and the Americas so his voyages initiated the interchange of plants between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, which doubled the food crop resources available to peopleRead MorePositive And Negative Impacts Of The Columbian Exchange1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe Columbian exchange has helped to double the world’s population between 1650 and 1850. The exchange introduced to the new and old worlds to a variety of things that undoubtedly has shaped the world in time that followed. The Columbian Exchange refers the time that resulted after Christopher Columbus and other explorers discovered the land that would become known as the Americas and many islands, such as Bermuda and the Caribbean. This age of exploration and discovery introduced the newly discoveredRead MoreEffects Of The Columbian Exchange912 Words   |  4 PagesThe biggest exchange that has ever happened in the world was beginning to form from Christopher Columbus’s findings and Pope Alexander’s grant of approval of colonization of Spain over the New World. As it became known as the Columbian Exchange in honor of Columbus, it was the exchange of different plants, animals, microbes, and people across the Atlantic Ocean to the New and Old Worlds. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella sent out many explorers to the New World which caused both positive and negativeRead MoreThe Impacts of the Columbian Exchange Essay example1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe Columbian Exchange has been called the â€Å"greatest human intervention in nature since the invention of agriculture† (Grennes 2007). The exchange of diseases, plants, and animals lead to a global cultural and economic shift throughout the Old and New Worlds following Christopher Columbus discovery of the Americas in 1492. The Eastern Hemisphere saw an influx of raw materials, new staple crops, and the income from and production of growing crops that were too resource intensive for Europe andRead MoreFlora And Fauna Of The Columbian Exchange1307 Words   |  6 PagesFlora and Fauna in the Columbian Exchange The voyage undertaken by Christopher Columbus to attempt to find a more direct route to India would fail in it s goal. Columbus would not reach India, instead he would land on the banks of a world entirely unknown to Europeans of the time period. His â€Å"discovery† of this New World would have far reaching consequences for both the world he found, and the world from which he departed. This new landmass would prove to be incredibly important in world affairs

The Process And Principles Of Money Laundering Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3696 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction Money laundering can defined as process of transforming illegal money earned to become legal money which is come from legal activities. According to Shijia Gao et al (2009) in HM Treasury 2004, Money Laundering is a term usually used to describe the ways in which criminals process illegal or dirty money derived from the proceeds of any illegal (e.g. the proceeds of a drug-dealing, human trafficking, fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, bribery, theft or tax evasion) through a succession of a transfers and deals until the source of illegally acquired funds is obscured and the money take on the appearance of legitimate or clean funds or assets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Process And Principles Of Money Laundering Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In order to have a deep understanding on money laundering, we must understand in term of capital flight and smurfing. According to financial dictionary, capital flight means rapid withdrawal of capital (capital flight) from a country as a result of loss of confidence in its government. It is also means how much the money move to another point to another, driven by possible gains or concerns about government policies. Another term is smurfing that are related directly to smurf which are person who help move the funds from one institution to another or from one country to another. A smurfing operation will involve a major coordinator called papa smurf who will direct is smurfs to make deposits of drug profits at a large number of banks, usually ally at numbers just below local reporting requirements, like drug-smuggling airplanes that fly below radar screens. Usually, money laundering activities occurs in places that extensive banks secrecy laws, weak financial regulatory regimes, l ake enforcement, and corruption. In order to make money laundering, there are three stages that a launderer always do such as placement, layering, and integration. Placement According to Ricardo Baba (2007), its a phase placement of currency into a financial services institution. Its could be a bank, a brokerage house, and so on. Placement also can define as a proceeds from illegal activities into the financial system in such manner as to avoid detection by financial institutions and government authorities by referring to Shijia Gao et al (2009) in IFAC (2002). Usually, there are several places or technique that a money launderer can use to place their money such as bank institution, insurance institution, real property or lottery business, casinos or other gambling venues, Shell Company or front company, and offshore corporation or offshore financial centre. It can be explained as below: Bank institution Bank institution used by a launderer because of bank secrecy which is most applied in many countries. It is also because bank institution have offer several of services such as deposit, loan, acceptance, discount, foreign exchange, settlement and so on. Thus, it helps launderer to transfer funds across international borders with a convenient and prompt. An example case of money laundering using bank institution can be shown as below: In January 2011, Johor Baharu- The session court was found and discharged a police officer of money laundering involved RM3.8 million between 2002 and 2005. Judge Salawati Djambari made a decision after found the prosecution was failed to prove a prima facie against Supt. Azmi Osman, 55. Azmi, who is suspended from his job, was accused of receiving RM2.08 million through a money-laundering operation in current account at a Malayan Banking Berhad, Jalan Haji Kassim Mentakab between 6 Feb and Dec 20, 2002. In the second charge, he was accused of receiving RM679 850 in the same account between Jan 15 and Oct 2. He was also accused of receiving RM941 930 in another current account at Lot M1-22, Level 3, Johor Baharu City Square, 106-108 Jalan Wong Ah Fook between Jan 13 and Nov 17, 2004 and subsequently RM250 000 in the same account on April 5, 2005 Source: The Malaysian Insider News Insurance Institution This intuition can help to disguise the origin and the nature of illegal proceeds and gains obtained from its buying, altering and surrendering insurance policies and filing insurance claims in order to advert the tracing of the authorities. An example of case can be explained as follow: A drug trafficker purchased a life insurance policy with a value of US$80,000. The policy was purchased through an agent of a large life insurance company using a cashiers cheque. The investigation showed that the client had made it known that the funds used to finance the policy were the proceeds of drug trafficking. In light of fact, the agent charged significantly higher commission. Three months following this transaction, the investigation showed that the drug dealer cashed in this policy. Source: Ping He (2010) in FATF 2005 Real Property or Lottery A lucky lottery buyer won 14.3 millions dollars in the Mass Millionaire Projects of Massachusetts. Before he cashed the prize wining lotteries, he sold half of them to a company, whose owner was the head of criminal group in Boston Don Shan, a notorious gang. Purchasing those lotteries was exactly a money laundering scheme, which was discovered by the police when they traced the dirty money gained by this group. Just at this time the gang head was about to cash the lotteries he bought, a joint suspension order was given by the court and the State Lottery Administrative Committee to freeze the wining lotteries, when the case just broken. It is a new channel for a money launderer to keep their money to become legal such as buying a land using illegal money. An example of case can be shown as follows: Source: Ping He (2010) in Weimin, 2005b Casinos or other gambling venues In casinos, chips are bought with cash, then after a period time during which gambling may or not take place; the chips are traded in a check from the casinos, perhaps in the name of third party. Thus, the chips can be transform back into cash and become legal money. Shell company or front company According to Ping He (2010), Shell Company refers to the company that does not have funds or enough funds required by law, do not have organizational structure or fixed premises for the production and operation. Front company established by the criminals indicates the company with a legal personality, legal business activities, legal operation income, while whose establishment is for the purpose of the laundering the proceeds of crime instead of making profits. These companies used by criminals as a source of illicit the money with a full of control of the company. The example case can be shown as below: Harry embezzled a sizeable amount of mon ey from a company for which he had used to work. As time passed, he had managed to spend a sizeable amount but had begun to consider which locations- other than his home- he would use to hide the money, as it was a small village in Europe and hid the money in the banking system, using his company as a cover, by claiming the cash was part of his regular income. To avoid difficult face to face questions from the bank employees, he deposited approximately US$14,000- the majority in old bills- into the banks night safe. As the night safe was emptied the following day, Harrys deposited immediately raised suspicions. How could a car service attract so much income in one day? The financial intelligence unit (FIU) disseminated a report to the police after being informed by the bank. The polices involvement into the money, Harry mixed the illicit money with the business income by establishing the car service station which was served as a front company. Source: Ping He (2010) in FIUs in action- 100 cases from Egmont Group. Case 15 (Weimin, 2005a, p. 173) Offshore corporation or offshore financial centre Over a period of three years, Mr X repatriated the funds to Country Y for his use and benefit. He was assisted by lawyers and accountants using false transactions and offshore corporations. Mr Y, formerly a lawyer, facilitated Mr Xs repatriation scheme by managing Mr Xs offshore corporation and banks accounts in several important financial centre. Mr Y drafted documents that purported to be loan agreements between offshore shell corporation and a Mr X nominee in Country Y. These loan agreements served as a basis for the transfer of millions from banks accounts in several different countries to the Mr Xs home country. Offshore corporation or offshore financial centre is an institution that has less strict regulations through a legal method. According to Weimin (2005), corporations which are registered in these areas, whose investors are not required to go the areas personally, and whose businesses can be directly operated anywh ere throughout the world are called offshore corporations. It can attract a money launderer to go on these places. An example cases can be shown as below: Source: Ping He (2010) in FATF, 2003-2004 Layering It is a second stage in money laundering process. According to Shijia Gao et al (2009), layering is the process of generating a series or layer of transactions to distance the proceeds from their illegal source and obscure the audit trail. It is also known as a main wash-stage, the launderer try to conceal or disguise the source of funds, by making money around the world in order to hide the origin of the money. Usually there are several techniques most famous used in layering stage such as electronic transfer funds, offshore banks, shell corporations, trusts, walking account, and intermediaries. It can be explained as follows: Electronic Fund Transfers (EFT). According to Australian Analysts Transaction Reports (2008), Electronic Fund Transfers help in layering process by moving money using EFT into and out of domestic and offshore banks account of fictitious individuals and shell companies. Moreover, sometimes information on daily money transactions is limited f or authorities making them difficult to recognize or distinguish between the clean money and dirty money. The example can be shown as below: In order to launder a large sum of money, one criminal syndicate decided to break up the whole capital into parts, and Ralph, a laundering expert in this syndicate, planned to take advantage of payment of smart card. First, Ralph established in country B online entertainment company which could obtain its service fee through smart card. Then, Ralph instigated his laundering employees throughout Country B to pay US$700 to US$800 to buy the same of smart card whose maximum amount of smart card. These deposits for consuming are US$820 from the local distributor of smart card. These buyers enjoyed the service offered by the online entertainment company and paid the bill online or promptly, which was repeated once in three times a week per capita until the capital was totally transformed into the service income of the company. After having receiv ed the service fee paid by its employees, the company successfully turned the criminal proceeds into legal income. Source: Ping He (2010) in Shaping (2003) Offshore banks. Offshore banks become places for layering process because they allow an establishment account for non-residents and corporations. It is also have a lower law and regulation for an establishment of account. Furthermore, offshore banks are very popular for a tax evaders and officials corrupt. It becomes easier because according to Australian Analyst Transaction (2008), some offshore centers combine loose anti-money laundering procedures with strict bank secrecy rules. Criminal can easily maintain and transfer fund from banks in these centers because the detail of client are generally denied to third parties, including most law enforcement agencies. An example can be shown as below: Banana Banks in the United Apple allows for an establishment account for non-residents. Larry Launder, a non-resident of the United Apple, has a numerous accounts with Banana Banks in the name of different individuals and companies. Larry is a resident of the Republic Watermelon. Fund s from illegal activities of Republic Watermelon are placed into Larry accounts with Banana Banks using different placement techniques. Once the funds are placed, Larry Launder instructs Banana Bank to various transfers and payments, thereby distancing funds from their origins. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Centre: Layering Techniques (2008) Shell corporations Shell corporations usually a company that establishment under a legal corporate laws but does not actually conduct a business which is used it to engage in fictitious transactions or hold accounts and assets to disguise the actual ownership of these accounts and assets. An example can be shown as below: Larry Launder sets up Apricot Trading Co. under the laws of the United Apple. Apricot Trading Co. opens bank accounts with several of banks. Smurf working for Larry Launder transfers illegal funds to the Apricot Trading Co. accounts. Apricot Trading Co. transfers these funds to other accounts or invests them in securities. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Centre: Layering Techniques (2008) Trusts Trusts are legal arrangement for holding funds or assets for a specified case which is assets or funds are managed by a trustee for benefit of specified beneficiaries. It can help in layering process because they enable to create a fake papers trail and transactions. Moreover, secrecy and anonymity rules help to conceal the identity of the true owner or beneficiary of true assets. An example can be as below: Larry Launder establishes a business trust by appointing a corporate trustee and drawing a deed of trust, which names Apricot Trading Co. as a beneficiary. Larry Launder transfer funds to the corporate trustee and under a deed of trust, Apricot Trading Co. are empowered to directly use and invest funds. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Centre: Layering Techniques (2008) Walking accounts Walking accounts also known as capital flight. According to Australian report transactions (2008), Walking account is an account for which account holder has provided standing instructions that all funds be transferred immediately on receipt to another to one or more other accounts. By setting up a series of walking account, criminal automatically create several layers as soon as many funds transfer occurs. It usually using by criminals because it is difficult to detect and money move very fast around the world. An example can be shown as below: Using Shell corporations, Larry Launder sets up three accounts with three different banks. He provides instructions to transfer all funds immediately on receipt to one or more of the other accounts. Smurfs deposits cash into the first account. Without the need for further account, the funds are layered by being transferred to the third account. Source: Australian Transfer Report and Analysis Centre: Layering Techniques (2008) Intermediaries According to Australian report transactions (2008), Lawyers, accountants, and other professional may be used as intermediaries between the illegal funds and criminal. Professionals engage in transactions on behalf of criminal client who remains anonymous. These transactions may include the use of shell corporations, fictitious records paper trails. Money launderer likes to use intermediaries because they lend credibility and decrease suspicion. In addition, these professional generally have confidentiality obligations of their clients so their risk of money launderer getting caught is low. An example can be shown as below: Larry Launder transfers funds to special account for client funds maintain by the law firm Shady Hustler. Shady Hustler establishes a shell corporation, Apricot Trading Co., which opens various banks account. Shady Hustler now transfers Larry funds into these accounts. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Centre: Layering Techniques (2008) Cash smuggling In November 1991, the money laundering case by smuggling cash in human body was reported by John F. Kennedy International airport customs authority. A female Ghana immigrant, under interrogation of customs officers, acknowledged carrying $9,000 in cash just under the customs declarations point of $10,000. Nevertheless, customs officers found $24,000 small bank notes packed in some sheets in her luggage, $224,000 in 100 cash rolls hided in shampoo bottles, and $53,000 in small bags in her stomach, which was detected by X-ray test. Cash smuggling is an attempt to bring out the money outside a country with an illegal ways. According to Ping He (2010), cash smuggling is a method of money laundering in which the proceeds of crime are stealthily moved cross border, and then deposited in banking institution, paid for real estate or invested to establish companies. An example case of cash smuggling can be shown as below: Source: Ping He (2010) in Dupuis- Danon (2006) International Trade International trade can help to disguise illegal money because the origin of the money illegal money can be healed. Moreover, they can easily transfer the illegal money back into a country using the trade transaction to justify payment through financial system. An example of case can be shown as below: A Brazilian company signs a contract to export soybeans to a German company who prepays the Brazilian company for the shipment. The Brazilian company immediately transfers the funds to a third party that is unrelated to the transaction. The soybeans that were purchased by the German company are never shipped. In this case, the German company transferred the funds to the Brazilian company as an advance for a shipment of soybeans. Suspicious were raised when it was found that export of soybeans were inconsistent with the scale of the companys operations. Source: Ping He (2010) in FATF, 2006 Integration Integration is a last stage is money laundering process. Usually, there are several ways used in integration stage which can be explained as below: Credit and debit cards Credit and debit card used for entering the illegal funds to engage in financial systems. According to Australian Transfer Reports (2008), By maintaining an account in offshore jurisdiction through which payment are made, the criminal limit the financial trail that leads to their country residence. An example can be shown as below: Larry Launder transfers illegal funds into an offshore banks account. He also signs up for debit card and credit cards in the banks. He used the debit card and credit card to make payment for purchases and transactions around the world. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Centre: Integration and Techniques (2008) Consultants According to Australian Transfer Report (2008), Consultants is an arrangement that can cover a wide range of non-quantifiable services and often used to integrate illegal funds into legitimate financial systems. They usually employs by the criminal to do a legal work which is involve in purchasing assets and selling an assets, and manage the payment for the criminal behalf. An example can be shown as below: Larry Launder sets up a shell corporation and related bank account in an offshore jurisdiction. The shell corporation hires a consultant. The consultant performs services and makes payments for Shell Corporation. The consultant is paid by the shell corporation. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Center: Integration and Techniques (2008) Corporate Financing Corporate financing has offered a various ways to transfer funds between companies. It is because corporate financing usually combined a number of other techniques, including the use of offshore banks, consultants, complex financial agreements, electronic fund transfer, Shell Corporation, and actual business. Thus, it allows money launderer to integrate very large amounts of money into legitimate financial system. An example can be shown as below: Larry Launder sets up a shell corporation and related bank account in an offshore jurisdiction. He also sets up a legitimate business in his country of residence. Using illegal money in an offshore account, Shell Corporation makes a business loan to, or equity investment in, the legitimate business. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Center: Integration and Techniques (2008) Asset sales and purchases Larry Launder sets up a shell corporation and related bank account in an offshore jurisdiction. He also owns or controls a legitimate business or real estate in his country residence. The shell corporation purchases the business or real estate at an inflated price. The earning from these transactions is treated as legitimate profits. An asset sales and purchases make a criminal earn legal funds or profits by purchasing or selling their assets. An example can be shown as below: Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Center: Integration and Techniques (2008) Business recycle According to Australian Transfer Report (2008), Legitimate businesses that also serve as a conduit for money laundering are referred as a front business. Cash-intensive retail business is some of the most traditional methods of money laundering. This technique combines the different stages of the money laundering process. The principal requirement when using businesses as a front is that they have a high cash sales and turnover. This way it become easy for criminal to merge illegal funds and difficult to for authorities to spot the scheme. An example can be shown as below: Larry Launders owns or controls a legitimate, cash intensive car wash business. Larry deposits illegal funds into business. These funds are treated as revenue from legitimate businesses. Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Center: Integration and Techniques (2008) Export or import transactions Larry Launder sets up an import company in foreign country as well as an export company in his home residence. They exports goods to the foreign import company. The import company remits illegal funds to pay for the goods on an over invoices basis. This methods help moves illegal funds between countries by trading export goods to the foreign trading company on an invoice basis and the earning or profits of the transactions will consider as legal profits. An example can be shown as below: Source: Australian Transaction Report and Analysis Center: Integration and Techniques (2008) Recommendation A good understanding on money laundering is very important for everyone in this world. It is because money laundering can destroy moral to generation and it also can cause a big of danger such as terrorist financing which is finally cause war. It is because good sense in money laundering also helps to prevent and punish people who are involved in money laundering by reporting to the authorities to take an action. Various techniques to prevent and identify money laundering from happening should be done in order to avoid the consequences of money laundering from happening. Every country should apply the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in order to prevent the use of financial system for money laundering. Conclusion Money laundering is one criminal activities which is can be categorize as a white collar crime that involved in transforming illegal money to legal money. There are three stages that involved in money laundering process such as placement, layering, and integration. These three stages are playing an important role in money laundering which is every stages have their own technique to wash the dirty money. Thus, when all the stages has completed, the money or fund became a legal money.

Socio Economic Study Free Essays

Economic Benefits As part of the agricultural sector, the banana industry also ensures that It contributes to the protection of the environment through the observance of globally accepted practices and abiding by Philippines laws. Furthermore, the industry also makes positive Impact on the cultural political aspects through: Enameled contact with the Influence Insurgency; Improved peace and order situation; Effective local governance; Integration of Indigenous people (e. G. We will write a custom essay sample on Socio Economic Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bugaboo, Nabob, Muslim) Into mainstream society: and Better understanding of cultures. The Banana industry impact on the economy includes: Provision of employment (minimum wages, Job security); Development of related industries (transport, food, consumer goods, entertainment); Increased income opportunity (cash crop, I. E. Corn, rice, firewood gathering vs.. Employment); Prompts improved infrastructure support from government and private organizations; Increased tax collection for local government. In terms of social impact, the industry helps provide: Basic needs through the availability of food, housing, clothing, and employment; Education increased number of students; Health care availability of institutional care; Migration back to family instead of having to look for livelihood elsewhere; Equal opportunity for women and indigenous people; and Fewer occurrences of domestic and Juvenile related crime and conflicts. The Philippine banana industry Is the 5th largest export Industry In the country and the indulges in Mindanao. In terms of local tax contribution, the Industry remitted about Phi Million worth of local taxes In 2008, Including Business Tax, Real property tax, Residence Certificates of Employees, withholding tax of employees, withholding tax at source, and Income. Socio Economic Study By EX_Donald As part of the agricultural sector, the banana industry also ensures that it contributes Furthermore, the industry also makes positive impact on the cultural political Minimized contact with the influence insurgency; Integration of indigenous people (e. G. Bugaboo, Nabob, Muslim) into mainstream society; and Better understanding of cultures. The Philippine banana industry is the 5th largest export industry in the country and the indigents in Mindanao. In terms of local tax contribution, the industry remitted about Phi Million worth of local taxes in 2008, including Business Tax, Real How to cite Socio Economic Study, Papers

Leukemia Essay Paper Example For Students

Leukemia Essay Paper According to the Cancer Book from the American Cancer Society, Leukemia is acancer of the blood. It was first identified as a new disease in around 1830 inGermany. The scientific term, leukemia, comes from the Greek wordsthat mean white blood. The disease is described as a cancerousdisorder not just of the blood itself, but also of the organs that produce theblood cells in the body. The organs are mainly the bone marrow and the lymphsystem, where normal red and white cells, lymph cells, and platelets grow beforeentering the bloodstream. Normal cells usually go through the same process butwith differences in rate, number, and function ability. With the disease, thebone marrow will not be able to produce the sufficient levels of red blood cellsand platelets, while the white blood cells will produce so rapidly that thecells will not become mature enough to fight off infections. As the diseaseprogresses, the whole blood system will become useless due to the vast amount ofimmature cells p roduced. If a person with the disease is not treated, there willbe excessive bleeding and infections until the body reaches the point where itbecomes defenseless. The body will make minor injury or infection very serious. Leukemia itself does not always kill people. Instead, people die from infectionssuch as small virus or bacteria because there are not enough normal white bloodcells in the body. Also, people could die form internal bleeding, which couldhave been prevented by the platelets. Leukemia appears more commonly in adultsthen children. A survey in 1989 stated that approximately 25,000 new cases ofthe disease are diagnosed annually in the United States, 22,500 of them areadults and only 2,500 are children. It also shows that men are affected byleukemia 30 percent more frequently than women. Ten years ago, about 17,000people die from the disease each year. Many of the advanced industrial nationshave increased the study of leukemia since the 1930s. In the Personal HealthReport, the information stated that there are two major types are leukemia:Lymphocytic leukemia which involves lymphoid committed cells which formand mature in the lymphatic system, and granulocytic leukemia which affectsmyeloid committed cells which form and mature in the bone marrow (355). Each of the two types can occur in either acute or chronic form. Acute formusually affects young cells that are still in the process of growing; they candivide very quickly and may speed the progress of the disease. The chronic forminvolves the mature cells that reproduce in a low rate or the ones that havestopped dividing. According to the Home Medical Guide, acute lymphocyticleukemia is most commonly seen in children between the age of two and nine. Inthis type of leukemia, males are affected more frequently than females. Beforetreatment was available, the average survival rate is only 5 to 6 months. Astreatment developed, more then 95 percent of all children are putted intocomplete remission. Both adult and childhood disease can be cured in around fouryears, and the therapy can be discontinued. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is themost common form of cancer found in the industrialized countries. Like acutelymphocytic, it occurs more frequently in males then in females. The patientst hat are affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia are usually older then anyother patients with different types of leukemia. The cause of this specific typeof disease is still unknown: Strong evidence points to problems of function andcontrol in the immune system diagnosis is very often discovered by accident inthe course of routine blood testing for other medical reasons, since fully 25 to30 percent of newly diagnosed patients have no symptomsthe degree of bonemarrow infiltration by small lymphocytes is a much more accurate sign of degreeof disease. (452) According to the Home Medical Guide, acute granulocyticleukemia usually occur in older ages: The typical patient is thirty tosixty years old, the frequency of the disease increasing with age. The naturalcourse of untreated this disease leads to an average survival of only two tofive months (451). With chemotherapy, the survival rate can be lengthenedto about 5 years. Around 75 percent of the patient can be cured with a completeremi ssion. This type of leukemia can cause heart attacks and strokes by blockingthe arteries: It is treated by removing large numbers of white cells fromthe patients blood and increasing the intensity of the chemotherapy(453). Over 50 percent of the patients are found with abnormalities in the chromosomes:Evidence strongly suggests that each patients individual chromosomalmakeup has a strong direct bearing on prognosis (453). Patients that haveabnormal genes in their leukemia cells usually have the disease. Chronicgranulocytic leukemia occurs in people with ages forty to sixty. The diseasestarts out very slowly. Patient will not notice anything wrong until after threeto six months. Many organs such as the liver, spleen and lymph nodes willenlarge in over half of the patients. The study of chromosomes are important inthis type of leukemia: The so-called Philadelphia chromosomes, the firstabnormal chromosome found in the leukemias, occurs in over 90 percent ofpatients (454). Applying therapy may reduce of Philadelphia in the whiteblood cells. In the Cancer Book, the author explained that the basic cause ofleukemia is still unknown. Factors such as exposure to radiation, chemicals, andcertain drugs may cause the disease: Certain chemicals, such as benzene,have long been known to cause damage to bone marrow calls which form the blood,and it is logical to conclude they can also cause a cancer in those cells(378). Also, the genes called oncogenes may be directly involved in thedevelopment of many types of cancers, including leukemia: Oncogenes arecancer-causing genes that are part of many peoples normal genetic makeup. Thesegenes can apparently be activated under circumstances that has not yetidentifiedby identifying and understanding specific oncogenes, people who areconsidered at risk can be identified long before a cancer begins. Although thisis a long way in the futurethe concept of the oncogene has given scientists anew and fundamental approach to the study of cancer that much believe will yieldfruitful result. (379) The book further explained the causes of leukemia, and itsays the hereditary causes of the disease are still far form being fullyunderstood. There are chances that close relatives of leukemia patients have arisk of getting the disease. The greatest possibility is found in the identicaltwin of a child who has the acute leukemia before the age of eight:Approximately 20 percent of these individuals will develop the diseasewithin one year of their twins diagnosis (379). This shows that geneticsare playing an important role in the disease. But whether heredity is alsoinvolved in all cases is still an unanswered question. According to the PersonalHealth Report, leukemia may be caused by other types of disease that damage thebone marrow, or anticancer drug used to treat other variety of cancer:Diseases that cause severe depression of the marrow, such as aplasticanemia, are associated with a high incidence of leukemia. (356) Patientsthat take anticancer drugs for treatment of diseases may have a chance ofgetting leukemia because the patients received cancer chemotherapy over a longperiod of time: Up to 10 percent of patients with Hodgkins disease whohave be en intensively treated with chemotherapeutic drugs may ultimately displaysigns of an acute granulocytic leukemia (356). There is antileukemiatherapy for Hodgkins disease. They are far more effective and outweigh thechance of developing leukemia later on. According to The Cambridge World Historyof Human Disease, the early symptoms of leukemia are like many other medicalproblems. Fever, loss of weight and fatigue are the general symptoms ofleukemia: Fever may be the most common symptom. It is usually caused by aninfection of the skin, lung, or urinary tract, but it also may be due directlyto the leukemia itself or to the release of compounds by the abnormal whitecells. Infections are frequently because the leukemic white cells cannot protectagainst invasion by bacteria or other organic causes of disease, and too fewnormal white cells remain to do so. (846) The book also states that since thesesymptoms are involved with many illnesses, doctors do not always have suspicionof leukemia. E arly detection of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is often found inelders that are being examined for other medical problems. On the other hand,acute leukemia can occur very suddenly, especially in children because it seemslike a flu or cold: Common symptoms of the leukemias do not seem to be adirect result of the increase and spread of leukemia cells. Instead, thefunctioning of the remaining normal elements of the blood and bone marrow isimpaired (847). Up to one third of the patient with cancer in blood havenormal or low circulation white blood counts. In leukemia, the bone marrow istoo crowded with white blood cells that it cannot move out into the bloodstream. Do you ever wander where the leap year was all sta EssayIn further discussion, it is found that problems can occur after injection ofthe donor marrow: The recipients immune system can reject the marrowtransplant or the donors marrow, in its immunologically foreign environment,can reject the host (358). For this reason, the closer the genetic makeupbetween the donor and host, the better the transplant will succeed. Somepatients will try to match themselves with a donor from their family or closedrelatives because it will give them a better chance of the transplants process. In the transplantation, the following steps will be done: The donorscells are injected into the recipients bloodstream to re-seed the marrow withhealthy cells. The leukemia patient is kept in isolation to diminish the chanceof infection and is given transfusions and antibiotics as needed (387). Inthe bone marrow transplantation, the donors cell is to develop into new healthycells in the sick patients body. According to the Cancer Book, great progresshas been make over the last thirty years in treating the disease. An increasingnumber of patients are cured. Although the process of treatment is long andproduces painful illnesses, but rate of success in remission and other methodsare worthwhile for most patients. Health Care

A Teen Author Success Story - Interview With Anna Caltabiano

A Teen Author Success Story - Interview With Anna Caltabiano A Refreshing Teen Author Success Story - Interviewing Anna Caltabiano While the good folks of the â€Å"publishing industry† are discussing trends, numbers, and predictions over at the DBW conference, we thought we would give the readers of the Reedsy blog a sneak peek of what the future could actually hold.Today, we interview Anna Caltabiano, a rising teen author who self-published her first novel, All that is Red at the age of 14. She did things her own way because she didn’t know how a book was supposed to be written or published. And guess what? She nailed it. She now has a three-book deal with Hachette, and published the first of those last year.Whatever the future of publishing is, authors will always be at its core. And It is today’s teen author community that will ultimately shape it, a community we don’t know too well†¦Hi Anna, great to have you here. I loved reading your story in The Guardian, particularly because, as a young author, you offer a fresh view on writing and publishing.  Is there something, in y our opinion, that characterises a â€Å"teen author†? Something you, for example, would do very differently from your elder peers?Thanks for having me on the Reedsy blog! One of the things I love the most about being an author my age is that I don’t have to look back on my teenage years to write from that perspective. Adults can look back on their experiences and give advice they wish they had heard when they were our age. Though I’m too young to do that quite yet, I can talk about things as I experience them- the good, the bad, and the plain messy.You said you did things â€Å"your own way† for your first novel, because you didn’t know how you were supposed to do them. Now that you’ve been through the â€Å"traditional† process (signing with a publisher), which â€Å"way† do you prefer? What have been, so far, the pros and cons of having a publisher?At their core, both traditional and self-publishing are actually very similar. Though it sounds obvious, most of the effort is in actually writing the book. The other essential common ingredient of both approaches is that turning a raw story into a finished novel requires seeking out and learning from a network of editors, cover artists, publicists, and proof readers. In a traditional publisher, the network is, for the most part, â€Å"in house,† while in self-publishing, you must take the initiative to create your own network. Both paths are exciting journeys.Usually, when you start from nothing, with no knowledge, and have to learn on your own and do things â€Å"your own way†, you actually end up discovering a smarter way to do it (that’s often how startups are born). Does that apply in your case? Have you done some particularly innovative things that have sparked your success?When I started my writing journey, I clearly did not know anything. I trolled the internet to learn what I could, but I also found experienced writers, publisher s, and various people in the book business who were willing to share their experience and give advice. There are so many â€Å"how-to† books, and so much â€Å"established wisdom† in this industry, but in the end the right path to writing and publishing is not the same for everyone. For example, I live in Northern California, but my initial breakthroughs have tended to come from London, and then later migrating to the US. I am not sure why, but it could be that my writing style and subject matter is closer to English tastes, or it could be that simply through chance, I happened to first find people that believed in my writing in England.You have a three-book deal with your current publisher. But do you see yourself going back to self-publishing after that? Or become a fully hybrid author?It’s really exciting! As for the future, it’s hard to tell even what type of novels I will be working on. I think the most important thing is to work with a team thatâ₠¬â„¢s as excited as you are to tell the story you want to tell, whether that leads you to self-publishing or traditional publishing.How did you self-publish? Did you basically replicate the steps of traditional publishing, hiring several editors and a cover artist?As I mentioned, the basic steps in writing a novel are quite simple, and the same whether done through a traditional publisher or self-publishing. You have to write the novel, go through a very extensive editing process to make the novel as good as possible, make sure that it is carefully proof read, and design an attractive cover. I found great people to help me in all of these areas, but also did much of it myself, so I felt a huge sense of accomplishment when it was all done. When I moved on to traditional publishers for my trilogy, I found I was actually more experienced in all of these aspects of creating a novel because I had to directly manage and participate so deeply in all aspects during the publishing process of my first book.You wrote most of your first novel on your iPad, with some bits of dialogue on your iPhone (texting yourself). This actually reminded me of some  Japanese novels that were written in SMS in the 2000s. We often hear that the future of content consumption is mobile, do you think the future of long-form writing can also be mobile?Definitely! As a reader, when I’m in the middle of a good book and I can’t wait to get home to finish the rest of it, I’ll download a copy on my phone to finish it during a break at school or in line at lunch. For the longest time, my dad thought I was crazy, but even he has started reading poetry on his phone.When I’m writing, I’ll have a quick idea I’ll want to write down before I forget. This often leads to me writing a scene or an entire chapter on my phone. Writing and reading can both be mobile. Whatever feels comfortable. There’s no wrong way to do either.How do you go about the writing p rocess? Do you first plot, outline and define the structure? Or do you dive straight into it?  Though every book is a bit different, I tend to be an outliner. I’ll start with a few characters in mind, and a mental image of what I want the end of the book to leave the reader with. I’ll write starting from the beginning of the story, following my outline, but inevitably my story veers off into an unexpected direction and I change my outline to follow it.You have a particularly awesome website in terms of design. At Reedsy, we have a particular focus (like most startups out there) on design, as we believe it is going to play a much more important role in the future of internet. Is that a belief you share?Thank you! I think design needs to be two things: nice to look at and easy to use. With the internet, I think we’re now more accustomed to everything being at our fingertips. Being user-friendly is a given. In our current world, I think the way to stand out from the pack is to create something visually attractive that draws in the user.Many authors, even established ones, still really struggle with social media. Teen authors have the chance to have grown up with those, understand them, etc. Do you think it is possible to be a successful author today without having a strong social media presence? Would you have any tips for other authors for that?Social media helps me connect with my readers. I hear first hand what they liked or didn’t like about my latest story, and I find myself taking that into account when I’m writing my next work. Though I’ve grown up with social media and almost everyone I know uses some form of it, I still find social media challenging at times. It can be hard to find a balance between maintaining some amount of privacy and being â€Å"with it† in terms of social media use. My biggest tip is to try to show your best self on social media, rather than try to promote your book. People follow y ou on Twitter and Facebook to learn more about you and to hopefully interact with you. If they wanted to read a summary of your book, they would look elsewhere.Finally, because it’s that time in the year, what do you wish for yourself in 2015? And for the publishing industry as a whole?That’s a hard question! With the upcoming adventure of publishing two books this summer in two different countries and finally graduating high school, I know I’ll be learning and doing a lot of new things. I hope I’ll be able to use what I’ve learned in 2014 and apply some of that this coming year. As for the publishing industry, I hope it keeps taking new changes in stride, as everything needs to continue to evolve to stay with the times.Thanks a lot for your time, Anna!You can find Anna and Reedsy on Twitter:  @caltabiano_anna  and @ReedsyHQCredit for the Japanese cell phone novel photograph goes to Tyler ShoresDo you, too, think that indie and traditional publ ishing are actually pretty much similar? Or that the future of writing is mobile? Do leave us your opinion, or any question for Anna, in the comments below!

A gentle hand reaches out

A gentle hand reaches out A gentle hand reaches out; arms cradle a new entry in this complex world. A simple gesture, yet one that will come to signify an infallible bond between two, the bond of a mother's love.I knew early on that my life was not to follow the gentle streams and brooks of my choosing, yet was to go raging down the rivers of its own. I did not realize however, there was always to be a clearing in the turbulent waters, a hand extended to pull me out. Always reaching out, again and again I would grasp that same gentle hand that had pulled me up many a time before. I quickly came to see that there was always an avenue of escape, a crutch to lean on; time and time again that mothers love would come through.I knew not what would posses this wonderful lady to do such a thing.English: the beginning of the 1. Epistle to the Co...

Social theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social theory - Essay Example Another example would be the Mercedes-Benz worker who does not make enough to afford the very product his livelihood depends upon. The alienated producer must therefore become a consumer to share even tangentially in the process of capitalist economics. 2. The Industrial Revolution divided society into two classes: owners of the means of production and workers. The myth of the middle class is based upon the concept that as consumers they can own more than the lower classes, but in essence Marxian economics dictates a plutocratic system in which those who control the production write the rules that the workers must follow. The characteristic of this relationship is more in accordance with master and slave as a result of the unequal distribution of power. With the factory and retail establishments replacing the independent proprietor as the primary means of employment, the emergency that exists is one of increasing tension between the owner and the worker. This tension has been tempered by the rise of the consumer class that allows the worker class to establish the false divisions among itself. 3.

Global Retail Business - the Keys to Success Research Paper

Global Retail Business - the Keys to Success - Research Paper Example Modern concepts are important to incorporate into a global retail business strategy. Sustainability is essential in providing the consumer with the feeling that their consumer activities are being done with a sense of responsibility. Using modern technology in marketing concerns will provide a company with both good marketing opportunities and the appearance of modernity with respect to current trends. Creating a branding aesthetic will provide for the association of the product to desirable lifestyles, thus, in turn, creating a demand for the products that fall under that brand. Therefore, the experience within the retail environment must be as pleasurable as the satisfaction of that association. Creating a modern retail strategy requires incorporating a great number of factors into the overall design. When dealing with a global strategy for a retail corporation, regulatory differences between different nations can sometimes impact the potential for success. However, creating success from restrictive regulations can involve creative solutions to problems of legal restrictions that are designed to circumvent those restrictions in a way that creates higher levels of profit from competitors. Engaging the global community means creating ways in which to insert a product and brand into a culture without attempting to change the culture, but with the intent of using their traditions and regulations in ways that enhance the success of the product.

Design Of The Rear Spoiler For Road Vehicles Engineering Essay

Design Of The Rear Spoiler For Road Vehicles Engineering Essay ABSTRACT When objects move through air, forces are generated by the relative motion between the air and surfaces of the object. Aerodynamics is the study of these forces, generated by the motion of air, usually aerodynamics are categorized according to the type of flow as subsonic, hypersonic, supersonic The spoiler is also a part of the aerodynamics. The function of the spoiler is to spoil the unfavourable flow of air flowing through the car and generate a proportional downforce. This work describes the design and the performance of the rear spoiler. Content 1. Introduction6 2. Literature Review7 2.1 Principle7 2.2 Working of Rear wing8 2.3Criteria for efficiency of the spoiler..9 3. Material..12 3.1 Material Types12 3.2 ABS Material12 4. Design calculation..13 5. Applications15 6. Conclusion..16 Figures Fig. 2.1.8 Fig. 2.2.9 Fig. 2.3..10 Tables Table 1..13 Table 1..14 Chapter 1 Introduction A spoiler is an aerodynamic device which is used to spoil the unfavourable air (unwanted movement of air like turbulence) of a car which is in motion. Basically this device fitted to the front and rear of the vehicle. The front spoiler also called as front wing or air dam, and the rear spoiler is also called as rear wing. From historical point of view, post-world-war 11 automobile racing was initially dominated by developments related to engine technology, and later to tire advancements. During the 1960s, race car aerodynamics evolved as an important and relatively inexpensive technology that could place less well-funded teams. Over time, the cars aerodynamics on vehicles has become more refined as cars are now tested in expensive wind tunnels as part of continued development process. The biggest jump in speed occurred in the 1972 with the first efficient use of front and rear wings. It has even nearly become one of the only aspects of performance gain due to the very marginal gains that can currently be made by engine changes or other mechanic component development. Chapter 2 Literature review 2.1 Principle: The main principle of the spoiler is to reduce the rear end lift that means to increase the downforce and to spoil unfavourable air movement across a body. Lift is one of the main aerodynamic forces imposed on a vehicle, but unlike drag, lift can be manipulated to enhance the performance of a car. Lift is the force that acts on a vehicle normal to the road surface that the vehicle rides on. Lift usually has the effect of pulling or lifting the vehicle away from the surface it drives on. However, by manipulating the car geometry it is possible to create negative lift, or down-force. Down-force enhances vehicle performance by increasing the normal load on the tires. This increases the potential cornering force which results in the ability of the vehicle to corner faster. This down force can be compared to a virtual increase in weight, there by pressing the car down onto the road and increasing the available frictional force between the car tyres and the road, which in effect enables higher cornering speeds. Drag is the aerodynamics force that resists the vehicles motion through a fluid and points backwards. Drag is detrimental to vehicle performance as it can limit the top speed of a vehicle and increase the fuel consumption, both of which are negative consequences for vehicles. Its size is proportional to the speed differential between the air and the solid object. What this wings or spoilers does is it prevents the separation of flow and thereby preventing the formation of vortices or helps to fill the vacuum in the rear end more effectively thus reducing drag. So what actually this wings does is that, The wing works by differentiating pressure on the top and bottom surface of the wing. As mentioned previously, the higher the speed of a given volume of air, the lower the pressure of that air, and vice-versa. What a wing does is make the air passing under it travel a larger distance than the air passing over it (in race car applications). Because air molecules approaching the leading edge of the wing are forced to separate, some going over the top of the wing, and some going under the bottom, they are forced to travel differing distances in order to Meet up again at the trailing edge of the wing. This is part of Bernoullis theory. What happens is that the lower pressure area under the wing allows the higher pressure area above the wing to push down on the wing, and hence the car its mounted to. The way a real, shaped wing works is essentially the same as an airplane wing, but its inverted. An airplane wing produces lift, a car wing produces negative lift or in other words what we call us, downforce. That lift is generated by a difference in pressure on both sides of the wing.    Well, if you look closely at the drawings, youll see that the upper side of the wing is relatively straight, but the bottom side is curved. This means that the air that goes above the wing travels a relatively straight path, which is short. The air under the wing has to follow the curve, and hence travel a greater distance. Now theres Bernoullis law, which basically states that the total amount of energy in a volume of fluid has to remain constant. (Unless you heat it or expose an enclosed volume of it to some form of mechanical work) If you assume the air doesnt move up and down too much, it boils down to this: if air (or any fluid, for that matter) speeds up, its pressure drops. From an energetic point of view, this makes sense: if more energy is needed to maintain the speed of the particles, theres less energy left do do work by applying pressure to the surfaces. In short: on the underside, air has to travel further in the same amount of time, which means it has to speed up, which means its pressure drops. More pressure on top of the wing and less on the underside results in a net downward force called downforce. 2.2 How the rear wing works: The rear wing assists the front wing and rear diffuser in the overall downforce setup of the car. The angle of the wing is adjusted according to each specific Grand Prix circuit, depending on the amount of downforce required, the weather and the amount of mechanical grip available. The end plates located at the sides of the wing are designed to smooth the meeting of two different airflows the high pressure air above the car tries to switch places with the low pressure air below the car and it is this that causes the spinning flow of air behind the car. When these two forces meet they form a vortex, a spinning flow of air which is very turbulent. 2.3 The efficiency of the wings is based on following criteria: Aspect Ratio The amount of downforce produced by a wing is determined by its size. The length to width ratio is called the aspect ratio; the larger the wing the greater the downforce. As the higher the Aspect ratio more efficient the wing will be. The higher the aspect ratio, the less air resistance created by the vortex at the wing tips. The aspect ratio is the span of the air foil (the long dimension perpendicular to the air flow) divided by its dimension parallel to the airflow. The angle of attack Fig 2.1 The efficiency of the wing is the downforce to drag ratio. The amount of downforce generated depends upon the angle or tilt of the wing. The greater the angle of attack the more the downforce will be created. While increasing downforce a wing also increases unwanted drag. Drag increases with the angle of attack as already stated. The downforce generated by the wing acts in vertical downward direction, while drag acts in the opposite direction to the air flow. Fig 2.2 From the above two graphs of coefficient of drag VS angle of attack the coefficient of drag can be assumed, if the angle of attack is 80 then the coefficient of drag will be 0.07. The height of the wing: The third thing is the height of the spoiler. The height also affects the performance of the spoiler. The gap between the trunk lid and the wing can make air to pass easily. The fig shows the effect of the height of the wing on the car. So the height is taken as 130 mm. Fig 2.3 Chapter 3 Material 3.1 Material types Spoilers are usually made of: ABS plastic Most original equipment manufacturers create spoilers produced by casting ABS plastic with various admixtures, which bring in plasticity to this inexpensive but fragile material. Frailness is a main disadvantage of plastic, which increases with product age and is caused by the evaporation of volatile phenols. Fibreglass Used in car parts production due to the low cost of the manufacturing process. Fibreglass spoilers consist of fibreglass filler fastened with synthetic tar. Fibreglass is sufficiently durable and workable, but has become unprofitable for large scale production. Silicon more recently, many auto accessory manufacturers are using silicon-organic polymers. The main benefit of this material is its phenomenal plasticity. Silicon possesses extra high thermal characteristics and provides a longer product lifetime. Carbon fibreglass based on carbon fibre is the youngest material on the automotive aftermarket. Carbon is light weight, durable, but also a very expensive material. Unlike ordinary fibreglass, solidification of the connecting tar takes place in a pressure chamber using high temperatures. Due to the very large amount of waste during the manufacturing process, large scale producers cannot widely use carbon fiber in automobile parts production currently. 3.2 ABS Material ABS  Resistance: Excellent resistance (no attack) to Glycerine, Inorganic Salts, Alkalis, Many Acids, Most Alcohols and Hydrocarbons Limited resistance (moderate attack and suitable for short term use only) to Weak Acids Poor resistance (not recommended for use with) Strong Acids and Solvents, Ketones, Aldehydes, Esters, and some Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ABS  Quick Facts: Maximum Temperature: 80 °C Minimum Temperature: -40 °C Autoclavable:  No Melting Point: 221 °F 105 °C Tensile Strength: 4,300 psi Hardness: R110 UV Resistance:  Poor Translucent Rigid Specific Gravity: 1.04 ABS Fabrication: It can be thermo-formed, pressure formed, blow moulded, sheared, sawed, drilled, or even cold stamped Joints can be ultrasonic welded, thermo-welded, and chemically bonded Impact resistant Commonly used for telephone bodies, safety helmets, piping, furniture, car components, TV casings, radios, control panels, and similar Chapter 4 Design Calculations The design of the rear wing or spoiler of the car is totally dependent on the coefficient of the drag. Higher the coefficient of drag, greater the performance of that spoiler. The coefficient of drag is directly proportional to the angle of the spoiler where the air attacks. As the angle increases the drag coefficient increases. To design the spoiler the width of the car should be necessary to consider the wing span that means the total length of the spoiler. The following table shows the most common width of the cars: Table 1 Honda City Toyota Corolla Kia Forte Mitsubishi Lancer Width 1715 1710 1775 1770 By considering the common width in the range of 1700 1780 mm, the length of the spoiler 1700mm can be acceptable to create the max drag force. The formula for downforce of a wing is given by: Where: D  is downforce in  Newton WS  is  wingspan  in metres H  is height in metres AoA  is  angle of attack F  is drag coefficient à Ã‚ Ã‚  is  air density  in kg/m ³ V  is  velocity  in m/s The data for the calculation of the spoiler is as follows: Table 2 WS/ Length 1700mm 1.7 m Height 100mm 0.1 m Angle of attack 150 (15 x à Ã¢â€š ¬/180) 0.26 radians Coefficient of drag (according to AOA) 0.015 0.015 Density of air (à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ) 1.2 1.2 Max. Velocity (V) 200 km/hr (200/3.6) 55.55 m/s The angle of attack is taken as 150, because the car should have some downforce but in some limit. So if the angle of attack increased the drag will increase which can affect the performance of the vehicle like less fuel economy. Therefore the angle 150 is the perfect angle for the road vehicle spoiler. Also to design spoiler the second thing is the speed of the vehicle. To achieve the best performance max speed required that is 200km/hr for a normal road vehicle. The third thing is the height of the spoiler. The height also affects the performance of the spoiler. The gap between the trunk lid and the wing can make air to pass easily. So the height is taken as 100 mm. Therefore by substituting the above values in the formula, D = x (1.7 x 0.13 x 0.26) x 0.015 x 1.2 x (55.55)2 D = 1.595 N Therefore the downforce created by the spoiler is 1.2275 N. This could be acceptable for a normal road vehicle. Chapter 5 Applications Cars have spoilers to increase their grip on the road. Normally the weight of a car is the only thing that forces the tires down onto the pavement. Without spoilers, the only way to increase the grip would be to increase the weight, or to change the compound the tire was made out of. The only problem with increasing the weight is that it doesnt help in turns, where you really want to grip. All that extra weight has inertia, which you have to overcome to turn, so increasing the weight doesnt help at all. The way the spoiler works is like an airplane wing, but upside down. The spoiler actually generates whats called down force on the body of the car.   Chapter 6 Conclusion The design of spoiler described in this project can be used for any road vehicle having width at least 1700mm. The main aim to design this type of spoiler is to improve the overall performance of the car with respect to dragforce. The designed spoiler could be give the best result if it will be in use.

Explain the Importance of Resilience in Children and Young People Essay

Resilience is a mixture of nature and nurture. Attributes that some children are born with, such as good intellectual ability and a placid, cheerful temperament, are associated with resilience. Children who are born prematurely and/or with disabilities, who cry and cannot be comforted, who cannot sleep or who will not accept being held are more vulnerable to adversity and may be less likely to be resilient. There are, however, many other qualities associated with resilience which develop through children’s life experiences — the main ones can be summarised as follows: Good self esteem derives from being accepted by people whose relationship one values and from accomplishment in tasks one values. Praise, on its own, will not improve self-esteem; the child him or herself has also to ascribe value to the achievement. A belief in one’s own self-efficacy means having the qualities of optimism; ‘stickability’ and believing that one’s own efforts can make a difference. For children and young people who have had very damaging childhoods the creation of ‘survivor’s pride’, i. e. the ability to value how far they have overcome huge adversity in their lives, is helpful. Young people’s sense of self-efficacy is enhanced by taking responsibility and making decisions. Initiative is the ability and willingness to take action, including action to stop abuse occurring. Children and young people facing adversity are in a stronger position to deal with it if they are able to take the initiative in finding ‘creative’ responses. This sometimes combines with a strong sense of responsibility towards others such as siblings. Faith and morality can be described as ‘a belief in a broader value system which can help the child to persist in problem solving or in surviving a set of challenging life circumstances. A sense of coherence in their experiences gives the child a feeling of rootedness; the conviction that life has meaning and an optimistic focus’ (Daniel, Wassell and Gilligan 1999. Trust is believing in or relying on another person or thing. In order to trust others, you do not need to love them but you do need to experience them as reliable, feel respect for them, value them and not expect them to betray your confidences. Attachment is ‘an affectionate bond between two individuals that endures through space and time and serves to join them emotionally’ (Klaus & Kennell 1976, quoted in Fahlberg 1994). A secure attachment relationship creates a secure base from which a child feels safe to explore the world. Many looked fter children whose primary attachment figures have been unsupportive or unpredictable are able, fortunately, to find other attachment figures. In fact, one sign of resilience in children is the ability to ‘recruit’ caring adults who take a particular interest in them. This could be a neighbour, friend’s parent(s), teacher, child minder, relative, mentor or befriender, foster carer or, of course, residential worker. The concept of a secure base originally related to the security provided by a dependable attachment relationship. However, in the context of looked after children it has developed a wider meaning i. . the provision of a consistent and stable place to live and continuity of wider relationships which then allow the maintenance or development of attachment relationships. Where placement moves are absolutely unavoidable, strenuous efforts should be made to maintain continuity in other aspects of children’s lives. Meaningful roles: Such roles include proficiency at academic and non-academic activities at school, sporting prowess, part time work, volunteering, caring for siblings, and domestic responsibilities, provided they are not excessive. Such roles are likely to have a positive effect in several ways — they can be beneficial in providing a sense of positive identity and a source of self-esteem, they may act as a source of pleasure and hope or distract young people from the adversity they are experiencing in other areas of their lives. Autonomy means the ability to make decisions. Young people who are autonomous know that it is OK to make mistakes and that you can learn from mistakes. They take reasonably well calculated risks. Autonomous children and young people are good at self-regulation — they gain increasing control over their own emotions and behaviour. Identity: Young people in care have a deep need to know and understand who they are, where they belong and to whom they are important. They may need help to find these answers. Children and young people’s ethnicity, religion, culture and language form part of their identity. Preservation of their background and culture helps to create continuity and a secure base; it is also a legal right. Young people, who have good insight into their own difficulties, including a realistic assessment of their own contribution and the contribution of others to those difficulties, are more likely to be resilient. Young people who are able to recognise benefits, as well as negative effects, from severe adversity are likely to be resilient. Insight helps people to take appropriate actions and make appropriate choices. It is therefore linked to self-efficacy and to initiative. Humour is the final building block of resilience. It can help young people to distance themselves from, and therefore reduce, emotional pain and it can also help them make and sustain relationships — humorous people are usually popular people.

Bureaucracy

One of the characteristics off eructation school/organization is specialization. Specialization is concentrating on a specific task for example; bursar as one of the school officers regulates finances of the school. According to Weber as cited in Ho and Missile (1 991 ) â€Å"division of labor and specialization means that the regular activities required for the purposes of the bureaucratically governed structure are distributed in a fixed way as official duties† (p: 104). This is to say, work in schools is divided into different task hence everyone have his/her specific task.Teachers are specializing by teaching a specific subject for example, Mathematics. Mathematics teacher specialize by teaching only Mathematics to all the grades in the school that is, form one, two and three. This is advantageous due to the fact that it makes one's job easier and to be of high quality since he/she deals with a specific subject. Furthermore, specialization goes hand in hand with what is ca lled division of labor. Light, Keller and Calhoun (1989) state â€Å"in bureaucracies the work to be accomplished is broken down into clear-cut division of labor and people are trained to specialize in performing each task† (p: 219).This is division of labor which refers to dividing work into small and manageable tasks. Therefore since tasks in schools are too complex to be performed by a single individual, division of labor is crucial. Everyone in a school has a position for example; there is a head teacher who is responsible for the running affairs of the school and teachers who are responsible for imparting knowledge to students or simply instruction delivery. Division of labor among positions improves efficiency. Ho and Missile (1991) postulate that division of labor produces specialization hence efficiency increases.And this is because specialization helps employees to be knowledgeable and expert at performing their prescribed duties. So the authors suggest â€Å"such d ivision enables the organization to employ personnel on the basis of technical qualifications. Hence, division of labor and specialization produce more expertise in school personnel† (p: 105). This is to say that workers are employed for the type of work they have skills on. Another characteristic of bureaucratic school/organization is a hierarchy of offices.According to Ho and Missile (1991) offices are arranged hierarchically; ACH lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one. In agreement YMMV. Clientà ¨les. Com suggests that the structure of a bureaucracy is called a hierarchy because it includes a series of levels from the most menial worker in the organization to the highest executive. Each level has clearly defined authority and responsibilities. Therefore, this makes work to be easier and more manageable since everyone knows his/her responsibility in the school/organization. Light, et al. (1989) state that when an organization's operation is divide d into smaller, more manageable tasks; the arioso activities must be put together. Thus, the solution is to organize workers into a hierarchy with each person being responsible to the person directly above in the chain of command. This means that everyone will have a supervisor. For example, senior teachers can supervisor teachers to assess the efficiency of their work in the classroom. Moreover, a hierarchy of offices helps in keeping order within the organization since everyone understands his place very well and what is expected of him/her.According to Stark (1989) â€Å"all employees in the organization must know who their boss is and each errors should always respect their chain of command† (p: 594). To support this, employees should respect those in authority or their supervisors by doing what they expect them to do. They should also follow a channel of communication within the organization. The author also postulates â€Å"in this way the people at the top can be sure that directives arrive where they are meant to go and know where responsibility lie† (p: 594).Therefore, a hierarchy of offices is very important characteristic of a bureaucratic school/ organization as it allows workers to focus on their responsibilities since it Leary define them. It also encourages carefulness among workers as it is easier to trace who is not doing his/her work properly. Www. Baccalaureate's. Com/excerpts suggests that a formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized decision making of a bureaucratic school/organization.This is due to the fact that these offices are for the people who are responsible for the operation of the school/ organization hence; they plan and make decisions together on how best to do that. Stark (1989) postulates ‘to ensure order in decision making, business is inducted primarily through written rules, records and communication† (p: 593). This is to say, planning and decision making is central to a hie rarchy of offices within the school/organization due to the fact that it is where written rules, records and communication are found.Rules and regulations are one of the characteristics of bureaucratic school/organization. In any organization rules and regulations are very vital because they ensure that there is order. Weber as cited in Stark (1989) â€Å"stressed that rational bureaucracies must be managed in accordance with careful developed rules and principles that can e learned and applied†¦ † (P: 595). To support this, a bureaucratic school should have rules that guide employees' behavior since they are applied equally to everyone of them. They cannot be broken due to the fact that by doing so punishment will follow.Therefore, rules and regulations are important in a bureaucratic school since they promote self-discipline and self- control among workers. This will help the organization to run smoothly and efficiently since workers need not to be followed to do their work as they are guided by the rules and regulations. Rules and regulations maintain control thin the organization as according to Ho and Missile (1991) â€Å"†¦ By taking advantage of the screening functions of bureaucratic rules, administrators can gain and maintain some control over organizational activities.They anticipate that general and impersonal rules will be good because they provide direction without creating status distinctions. Control is the us maintained by using bureaucratic rules†¦ † (P: 109-110). Moreover, to ensure that rules and regulations are the characteristics of bureaucratic school/ organization; Bernard, Burgess and Kirby (2004) suggest that a bureaucratic school/organization should have a body of rules that governs it. For example, employees usually have a code of conduct. According to Fragrant (1980) a code of conduct is a set of rules for professional conduct since teachers are professionals.These rules are divided into two; a commitmen t to the students and to the profession. A commitment to the students are rules which outline what the teacher should do and not to do to students for example, the teacher disclosing information about students without their permission. And a commitment to the profession are rules which outline hat they society expects from the teacher for example, the teacher should not dress in an unprofessional manner. Ho and Missile (1991 ) state that rules and regulations provide continuity of operation and help to coordinate activities.This is because employees are guided by rules on what they should do and not to therefore, rules and regulations in a bureaucratic school promote cooperation within the organization since employees work well with each other. Lastly, one of the characteristics of bureaucratic school/ organization includes rewards based on merit. According to Light, et al. (1989) â€Å"positions in a bureaucracy are awarded on the basis Of technical qualifications (as measured by tests, educational degrees and diplomas and other standardized yardsticks) not on the basis of who one knows† (p: 220).This is to say that jobs and promotion in a bureaucratically school/ organization are obtained through qualifications. For example in Botswana, for one to be a secondary school teacher should have at least a certificate of Diploma in Secondary Education not just passed form five and then be employed as teacher. Employees should be employed for the job they qualify or so that work cannot be difficult for them since they will be doing what they are trained for. This will in turn, helps the school/organization to be effective and efficient.Furthermore, rewards based on merit will allow us providers to give promotions to the ones who are qualifying for those positions. This is to say they will not give promotion on the basis of favoritism like to their relatives and friends. Stark (1989) states â€Å"to ensure expert management, appointment and promotion are base d on merit rather than favoritism and those appointed treat their positions as full-time, primary arrears† (p: 593). To support this, people are rewarded because of the efforts they put in their work.So that's why in schools teachers can be promoted and given positions such as, from being a subject teacher to a subject coordinator. Nevertheless, giving jobs and promotions to people because one knows them, will make the school/organization to suffer since they do not qualify for those works. Ho and Missile (1991) suggest â€Å"promotion is dependent on the judgment of superiors† (p: 105). This is to say that promotion is made by supervisors but even though, it is upon them they should do it fairly.

Opportunity For Young Illegal Immigrants - 950 Words

Opportunity for Young Illegal Immigrants One cannot turn on the television without hearing some kind of news on illegal immigration, border control, or national security; illegal immigration is one of the most discussed and debated topics in America today. Although the topic of illegal immigration has grown tremendously in the last few years, it is something that the United States has been truly dealing with since after the time of World War II (Phillips). In the recent years several programs and bills have been introduced in order to accommodate those young immigrants who are seeking opportunity. The two most debated programs are the DACA program, the Dream Act legislation, and how they will affect the United States and those who would benefit from them. As children we are under the authority of our parents and they have the majority say when it concerns our lives. Many of those who are included in the percentage of illegal immigrants living in the United States are people who were brought to the United States illegally as children by their parents and who had no say about it. As these children grow up, they become accustomed with the culture and they begin to consider themselves as Americans even though they know they do not have the papers to prove so. 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